RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los patrones geométricos del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en una población de hipertensos tratados y su asociación con factores como la edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), control de la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y clase de tratamiento recibido. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Incluyó 157 pacientes con HTA esencial tratada, los cuales se clasificaron en controlados y no controlados. Se les determinó la masa y el espesor relativo de pared (ERP) del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) mediante ecocardiografía 2D, con lo que se obtuvieron los patrones geométricos: normal, remodelado, hipertrofia concéntrica e hipertrofia excéntrica. Resultados: La prevalencia de geometría anormal del VI en los hipertensos tratados fue del 84%, la hipertrofia concéntrica fue el patrón más prevalente (47%), seguido del remodelado (22,9%) y de la hipertrofia excéntrica (14%). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los patrones geométricos en relación con edad, sexo, nivel de presión arterial (PA) e IMC, pero en la geometría anormal hubo una tendencia a un mayor valor de estos parámetros (excepto el sexo) en relación con la geometría normal. Los hipertensos no controlados en comparación con los controlados, tuvieron mayor prevalencia de geometría anormal (61,7%, vs 38,3%; p
Objective: Assess the prevalence of the geometric patterns of the left ventricle (LV) in a population of treated hypertensive patients, and its association with risk factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), control of the arterial hypertension (AHP) and class of treatment received. Methods: Observational, analytic and cross sectional study. It included 157 hypertensive patients which were receiving treatment, and were classified into controlled and non-controlled. An echo 2D was performed which showed the measure of mass and relative thickness of the posterior wall (RTW) of LV. Four types of geometric patterns were found: normal, remodeled, concentric hypertrophic and eccentric hypertrophy. Results: The prevalence of abnormal LV geometry in treated hypertensive patients was 84%, the concentric hypertrophy pattern was the most prevalent (47%), followed by remodeling (22.9%) and eccentric hypertrophy (14%). There were no significant differences between the geometric patterns in relation to age, sex, level of blood pressure (BP) and BMI, but in abnormal geometry there was a trend towards a higher value of these parameters (except sex) in relation to the normal geometry. Uncontrolled compared with controlled hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of abnormal geometry (61.7% vs 38.3%; p <0.01, OR: 3.21 [1.28-8.05]), the concentric hypertrophy pattern was associated with poor control of hypertension (p <0.032). There was no association between the type of antihypertensive and geometric pattern between groups. Conclusion: The treated essential hypertension is associated with high prevalence of abnormal LV geometry, which was not associated with age, sex, level of BP and BMI. Achieving control of hypertension showed benefit as reduced the prevalence of abnormal geometry compared with uncontrolled hypertension. The class of antihypertensive was not associated with this effect.